October 22, 2026

In mid-December 2021, Russia handed the West two draft documents, “Agreement on Measures to Ensure the Security of the Russian Federation and Member States of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization”[i] and “Treaty Between the United States of America and the Russian Federation on Security Guarantees.”[ii]

The 1969 Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties defines a treaty as “an international agreement concluded between States in written form and governed by international law… “Agreement” is usually less formal and deals with a narrower range of subject-matter than “treaty”.

Thus, from the very beginning, Moscow signaled a difference in its approach to Europe and the US.

Okumaya devam et →